What cells secrete IL-21?
What cells secrete IL-21?
IL-21 is a pleiotropic type I cytokine that is produced mainly by T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells. This cytokine has diverse effects on a broad range of cell types including, but not limited to, CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) 1 ( Figure 1).
What is the function of IL-21?
Interleukin-21 is a cytokine that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells that can destroy virally infected or cancerous cells. This cytokine induces cell division/proliferation in its target cells.
What cells express IL21?
IL-21 is a member of the common gamma chain (γc) family of cytokines and is expressed by multiple immune cell types (Spolski and Leonard, 2008), with activated CD4+ T cells, including T follicular helper (TFH) cells and natural killer (NK) T cells, being the major sources of this cytokine (Spolski and Leonard, 2010a; …
What is the role of interleukin 2?
One of a group of related proteins made by leukocytes (white blood cells) and other cells in the body. Interleukin-2 is made by a type of T lymphocyte. It increases the growth and activity of other T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, and affects the development of the immune system.
What is the role of IL 17?
Interleukin-17 (IL-17, also known as IL-17A) is a key cytokine that links T cell activation to neutrophil mobilization and activation. As such, IL-17 can mediate protective innate immunity to pathogens or contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
What is IL-17A inhibitor?
IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. It belongs to the IL-17 family, which consists of IL-17A-F [8]. IL-17A plays a role in neutrophil recruitment, host defense and immuno-inflammatory pathology [7]. It is secreted mainly by Th17, but also by Treg cells, NK cells, mast cells and neutrophils [9].
What is the role of IL-1?
From a historical point of view, IL-1 has a wide range of biological functions, which include acting as a leukocytic pyrogen, a mediator of fever and a leukocytic endogenous mediator, and an inducer of several components of the acute-phase response and lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) [22, 23].
What is the function of interleukin 4?
IL-4 has an important role in regulating antibody production, hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the development of effector T-cell responses. It is produced only by a subset of activated hematopoietic cells, including T cells and Fc epsilon R1+ mast cells and basophils.
How do I block interleukin 17?
Currently, one anti-IL17 biological agent is approved for the treatment – a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets IL-17A (secukinumab). Further clinical trials, including a humanized IgG4 specific for IL-17 (ixekizumab) and a fully human antibody that targets the IL-17 receptor A (brodalumab).
What is an IL-23 inhibitor?
IL-23 inhibitors block the action of IL-23, which can help limit the inflammation that causes psoriasis symptoms. Treatment with IL-23 inhibitors may help reduce the amount of skin that psoriasis affects. It may also relieve symptoms, such as itching, pain, and skin tightness.
What causes fever interleukin?
Fever is a reset thermostat and is caused by the release of endogenous pyrogens (interleukin-I) from monocytes in response to infection, tissue damage, or antigen-antibody reactions.
What is IL-1 produced?
IL-1 is intensely produced by tissue macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells, but is also expressed by B lymphocytes, NK cells, microglia, and epithelial cells. They form an important part of the inflammatory response of the body against infection.