What are the uses of succinic acid?
What are the uses of succinic acid?
It is a common organic acid, which can be used in many food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries as a precursor to generate many chemicals such as solvents, perfumes, lacquers, plasticizer, dyes, and photographic chemicals. Succinic acid is also used as an antibiotic and curative agent.
Is succinic acid used in manufacture of dyes?
Commercially, succinic acid is used as a Sequestrant and Buffer. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, lacquers, and photographic solutions.
Why succinic acid is used as primary standard?
It’s solution should be stable for a considerable period of time. Succinic acid satisfies all these parameters, hence, can be used as a primary standard. Sodium hydroxide is hygroscopic and exact weighing is not possible. Hence, it is treated as a secondary standard and is used in liquid/solution form.
Which bacteria is used in succinic acid fermentation?
Microbial production of Succinic acid can be performed with wild bacteria like Actinobacillus succinogenes, Mannheimia succiniciproducens and Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens or genetically modified Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
What is the role of succinate?
Succinate is involved in the formation and elimination of reactive oxygen species. Succinate is also involved in epigenetics and tumorigenesis. Succinate plays a role in endo- and paracrine modulation and inflammation. We review succinate as a metabolite or a signal.
What does succinic acid do for skin?
Naturally found in amber or sugar cane, succinic acid is sustainably obtained through a process of fermentation and is similar in aim to salicylic acid. It has skin-softening and bacteria-inhibiting properties and helps to control sebum, therefore reducing shine and excess oil, which can potentially lead to breakouts.
Which acid is used as primary standard in pharmaceutical analysis?
Sulfanilic acid for standardisation of sodium nitrite solutions. Zinc powder, after being dissolved in sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, for standardization of EDTA solutions.
What is succinate in biology?
Succinate is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and plays a crucial role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in mitochondria. Recently, new roles for succinate outside metabolism have emerged.
What is ammonium succinate used for?
Succinate or succinic acid is involved in several chemical processes in the body. In supplements, it is used for symptoms related to menopause such as hot flashes and irritability. Succinate is also applied to the skin for arthritis and joint pain.
What is succinate fermentation?
In the biological systems, succinate is an essential intermediate for cellular metabolism. In addition, it can also be one of the end-products of anaerobic fermentation. Therefore, it is possible to produce succinate using biological processes to substitute the petrochemicals processes.
What is succinate biochemistry?
Succinate is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a primary metabolic pathway used to produce chemical energy in the presence of O2. Succinate is generated from succinyl-CoA by the enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase in a GTP/ATP-producing step: Succinyl-CoA + NDP + Pi → Succinate + CoA + NTP.
Is succinic acid good for hair?
Succinic acid has antioxidant and regenerating properties, seals the hair shaft from the inside, improving its appearance. Activates hair growth, has a beneficial effect on the scalp, improving the metabolic processes in the cells.
Is succinic acid an antioxidant?
Succinic acid is a natural antioxidant, similar to vitamin C.
Why is EDTA a secondary standard?
Unfortunately EDTA cannot be easily used as a primary standard. The H4Y form can be dried at 140◦C for 2 hrs and used as a primary standard, but is only sparingly soluble in water.
What is secondary standard in pharmaceutical analysis?
A secondary standard is a substance whose active agent contents have been found by comparison against a primary standard. This means it is usually standardized against a primary standard. Secondary standard solutions are used to calibrate analytical equipment and analytical techniques.
Can succinate be fermented?
Since the succinate metabolic pathway has been resolved in different biological systems, it is possible to produce this valuable chemical through microbial fermentation.
Is succinic acid good for acne?
Hydrates the skin: Succinic acid is very similar structurally to our skin’s own lipids and is an effective hydrator, says Frieling. (In an interesting twist, she notes that it also helps to control and balance excess sebum production again, which is helpful for those with oily or acne-prone skin.)
Is succinic acid antibacterial?
It is a safe, sustainable and multifunctional alternative to other widely used acids in cosmetics. This natural, new ingredient also delivers specific interesting benefits as antimicrobial, anti-acne, anti-psoriasis, antioxidant, and slimming agent.
What is bio succinic acid used for?
The primary applications of bio-based succinic acid over petroleum-based succinic acid are as solvents and lubricants, deicer solutions, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals. Other applications include 1,4-butanediol (BDO), polybutyrate succinate (PBS), plasticizers, and polyester polyols.
What is succinic acid made from?
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that finds applications in food industry, green solvents, etc. Lignocellulosic biomass serves as a low-cost feedstock for the production of succinic acid. The cost of raw material plays a significant role in the overall process economics.
How is the production of succinic acid regulated?
The production of succinic acid is highly regulated by enzymes, which act in coordination. Overexpression of the PEPC gene in E. coli provided a significant increase in the amount of succinic acid production, from 3.27 to 4.44 g/L [81].
What is the potential market for succinic acid?
The potential market for succinic acid is estimated at €2.5 billion, with potential use in products such as antifreeze liquids, coolants, solvents, pigments, polyesters, intermediates for the chemical industry (BDO and its derivatives), plasticizers, etc.